Estudio experimental del bilingüismo: Revisión histórica

This paper presents a brief overview of research into bilingual lexical organization and access since the 80s. The change of theoretical orientation in the 90s is given special emphasis. The weak points of the models reviewed are outlined in the conclusions and a new model for bilingual lexical access is presented

Com aprenen a escriure els nens?

Nens que comencen a escriure amb lletra lligada tracen en una taula digital les paraules que els dicten els seus professors. Els seus traços queden registrats i permeten als investigadors dur a terme diferents experiments. L'objectiu és estudiar com planifiquen els nens l'acte d'escriure i saber si hi ha diferències o no amb la manera que ho fan els adults

Estudio experimental del bilingüismo: revisión histórica

En este artículo se revisa brevemente la investigación realizada sobre la organización del lexicón bilingüe y los modelos de acceso al léxico a partir de los años 80, destacándose el cambio de orientación teórica realizado en la presente década. Como conclusión se señalan las deficiencias de los modelos propuestos y se presenta un modelo alternativo para el acceso al léxico bilingü

Bilingual lexical access : a connectionist model /

Consultable des del TDXTítol obtingut de la portada digitalitzadaPenden

In a split second : Handwriting pauses in typical and struggling writers

Ajuts: This research was supported by Spanish grants 2015ACUP 00175 and PID2019-108791GA-I00, awarded to NS.A two-second threshold has been typically used when analyzing the writing processes. However, there is only a weak empirical basis to claim that specific average numbers and durations of pauses may be associated with specific writing processes. We focused on handwriting execution pauses, because immature writers are known to struggle with transcription skills. We aimed to provide an evidence-based account of the average number and duration of handwriting pauses in the mid-Primary grades and to identify process-level markers of writing difficulties. Eighty 3rd and 5th graders, with and without writing difficulties, participated in the study. We examined pauses in a handwriting-only task, to be able to isolate those which could only be attributed to handwriting processes. Letter features were considered, as well as children's handwriting fluency level. The average duration of handwriting pauses was around 400ms, in line with assumptions that transcription pauses would fall under the 2,000ms threshold. We found that 3rd graders made more and longer pauses than 5th graders. Struggling writers made a similar number of pauses across grades than typically-developing children, although they were significantly longer, even after controlling for the effect of handwriting fluency. Our findings provide an evidence-based account of the duration of handwriting pauses. They also suggest that children need fewer and shorter handwriting pauses as they progress in automatizing transcription. However, some young writers struggle with letter formation even after 3 to 5 years of instruction

'What Should I Say?' Tentative Criteria to Prioritize Information in the Audio Description of Film Characters

In an attempt to study memory operation in audio description, Fresno, Castellà and Soler-Vilageliu present a reception study designed to explore which physical features of audio described characters are more frequently recalled and recognized by blind and visually impaired audiences. The results of this study indicate that age is the trait which shows a better recall and recognition by receivers, and that more physical features of characters are recalled and recognized when their descriptions are segmented. The findings of this research could provide tentative criteria for presenting and prioritizing information in professional audio description scripts

Less is More. Effects of the Amount of Information and Its Presentation in the Recall and Reception of Audio Described Characters

Audio description is a discipline within Translation Studies aimed at making audio visual products and events accessible to blind and visually impaired audiences. Works of art, TV programs, films and stage arts are audio described in order to guarantee that anyone, regardless of his/her visual capacity, can enjoy them. In the case of films, it consists of a verbal description of visual details such as settings and characters (what they look like, what they do and how they do it) provided to the audience in those parts of the movie where no relevant sounds or dialogues are heard. The nature of audio description, in which all the information is presented auditorily and at the fast pace usually imposed by films, might pose some challenges on users’ memory. This paper is an attempt to explore this issue empirically by focusing on audio described characters. It presents a reception study designed to explore how the amount of information included in the audio description of characters and its presentation have an effect on users’ recall. Results showed that limiting the information in the descriptions and dividing it into short units delivered at different stages of the AD favored users’ memor

Sign language interpreting on TV: a reception study of visual screen exploration in deaf signing users

We studied how sign language users responded to a screen composition including a larger screen for the content and a smaller screen for the sign language interpreter. 32 deaf users participated in this experiment, watching four similar clips with four different screen compositions. We registered the pattern of screen exploration with Eye Tracker, and we assessed content recall with two questionnaires. Our results show that sign language users mainly look at the sign language interpreter screen. Participants tend to look more often and for longer time at the SLI side closer to the main screen. Results are interpreted in terms of perceptual strategies developed by Sign Language users.Hem estudiat com els usuaris de llengua de signes (LS) exploren una composició de pantalla formada per una pantalla gran per al contingut i una de petita per a l’ILS. 32 usuaris sords han vist quatre clips similars amb quatre composicions de pantalla diferents. Hem registrat l’exploració de pantalla amb Eye Tracker i avaluat el record amb dos qüestionaris. Els resultats mostren que els usuaris miren principalment la pantalla de l’ILS i tendeixen a mirar més sovint i més estona el costat de l’ILS més proper a la pantalla principal. Els resultats s’interpreten en termes d’estratègies perceptives desenvolupades pels usuaris de LS.All authors are TransMedia Catalonia members (2017SGR113, 2017). This research has been conducted in the Department of Translation and Interpretation in the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) within the PhD program in Translation and Intercultural Studies. This research has been partially funded by the H2020 projects ImAc grant no. 761974 and EasyTV grant no. 761999

Usability as a premise of quality : first steps towards the validation of the System Usability Scale (SUS) into Spanish

Usability is a key factor when talking about the quality of a product. The System Usability Scale (SUS) is one of the most popular tools to measure usability due to its numerous advantages and, therefore, a very useful quality assessment tool. Originally designed in English, it is available in some other languages, such as Persian and Greek but no validated version in Spanish can be found yet. This paper bridges this gap by describing the process of statistically validating the SUS into Spanish. The results show that our translation of the SUS is reliable, although our modest sample of informants (N = 50) leaves room for improvement and future research. The validation of the SUS is framed within a European project that will use it for its testing phase